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If you've never used a bread maker you may have a few questions about making bread in a bread machines. Some common questions include: Is it hard to use? What's with all the settings and choices? What ingredients will I need? Do all my measurements have to be precise? Today I'll try to address some of these questions for you.  
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Is it hard to use?
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== iw ==
Making bread in a bread machines is relatively easy once you get the hang of it. It really consists of measuring and placing the ingredients in the baking pan, setting the desired baking mode, removing the baking pad, and removing the bread.  
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One of the benefits of owning a bread machines is its ease of use. It takes away all the hard work of actually making bread from scratch leaving you more time to actually enjoy it.  
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[http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/iw iw] is a new nl80211 (802.11 netlink interface) based CLI configuration utility for wireless devices.
What's with all the settings and choices?
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Depending on the bread machines you might have a few settings or a great deal of them. These settings allow for the different types of bread to be made. You can also set timers to delay baking so you can have a loaf ready for you at a specific time.
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=== Netlink Protocol Library Suite ===
Do all my measurements need to be precise?
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If you read the manuals that come with a bread machines they will tell you to follow the recipe exactly as stated. The same goes for bread making recipe books. This makes sense if you're concerned about consistency and reliability in your baking.  
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iw requires the [http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/ Netlink Protocol Library Suite (libnl)]
Once people become more experienced however many of them began to try variations on the measurements. Be cautious if you plan on doing this as you're bound to have some failures in the beginning. Just keep this in mind and you can have a lot of fun being creative.  
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Common Questions
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Download, cross compile and install the Netlink Protocol libraries:
As you can see making bread in a bread machines is easy and the settings are designed to give you access to different bread, dough, and additional food options. Some basic ingredients are always used but you can also add fruits, nuts, and grains depending on the recipe. Your measurements should be precise but don't be afraid to experiment after you get the hang of it.
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Freshly baked bread is one of the most comforting aromas I can think of. Unfortunately, not everyone can bake fresh bread to a point of perfection. If you are looking for a surefire way to put your bread machines to good use, you have come to the right place. No more wasted bread, no more beautiful crust and hollow inside; just good ole' fashioned homemade bread you can be proud of.  
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<PRE>
We have compiled some of the best homemade bread baking tips in a bread machines we could find on the internet. These tips have been tried and put to the real test, coming through with flying colors that would make even Grandma proud.  
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wget http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/files/libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz
1. Get to know your machine. This might sound odd, but knowing the settings, times and cycles of your bread machines is one of the key elements to making great tasting homemade bread.  
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tar -xzf libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz
2. Check the consistency of your bread dough after 7-8 minutes to ensure it is correct. If it appears to be too dry you can add 1 tsp. of water to it at a time and allow your machine to work the water into it. Repeat if necessary. If it is too moist you can add 1 tsp. of flour to it and repeat if necessary.  
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cd libnl-3.2.24
3. Set the controls on your bread machines to match the type of bread you are making.  
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./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi
4. Pay attention to the beeps. The beeps are letting you know one cycle is done. This is when you add extra ingredients before the bread begins to cook.  
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make
For more on bread machines visit [http://www.breadmachinereviewsx.com/ Best Bread Maker]
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make install
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cd include
 +
make install
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
=== iw ===
 +
 
 +
With the Netlink Protocol Library Suite prerequisite installed, download and build the [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/iw iw] nl80211 based CLI configuration utility:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/iw/iw-3.15.tar.gz
 +
tar -xzf iw-3.15.tar.gz
 +
cd iw-3.15/
 +
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/pkgconfig
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export CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
 +
make
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
Manually install iw and required libraries on your target root-fs:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
cp iw /home/export/rootfs/sbin/
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cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl-genl-3.so.200 /home/export/rootfs/lib/
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cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl-3.so.200 /home/export/rootfs/lib/
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
And update the dynamic linker run-time bindings on your target:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
ldconfig -v
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
== wpa_supplicant ==
 +
 
 +
[http://hostap.epitest.fi/wpa_supplicant/ wpa_supplicant] is a WPA Supplicant for linux offering support for WPA and WPA2.
 +
 +
=== Netlink Protocol Library Suite libnl-1.x ===
 +
 
 +
wpa_supplicant requires the [http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/ Netlink Protocol Library Suite (libnl)] version 1.x.
 +
 
 +
Download, build and install libnl-1.x:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
wget http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/files/libnl-1.1.4.tar.gz
 +
tar -xzf libnl-1.1.4.tar.gz
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cd libnl-1.1.4
 +
./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi
 +
make
 +
make install
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
=== OpenSSL ===
 +
 
 +
[https://www.openssl.org/ OpenSSL] is a library for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1).
 +
 
 +
Download, build and install OpenSSL:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
 +
tar -xzf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
 +
cd openssl-1.0.1h
 +
export ARCH=arm
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export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
 +
./Configure linux-generic32 --prefix=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi
 +
make
 +
make install
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
=== wpa_supplicant ===
 +
 
 +
With all the prerequisites installed, finally download, build and install the wpa_supplicant:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
wget http://hostap.epitest.fi/releases/wpa_supplicant-2.2.tar.gz
 +
tar -xzf wpa_supplicant-2.2.tar.gz
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cd wpa_supplicant-2.2/wpa_supplicant
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cp defconfig .config
 +
make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
 +
make install DESTDIR=/home/export/rootfs
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
To be able to use wpa_supplicant on your target, it requires the following libraries to be installed:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl.so.1.1.4 /home/export/rootfs/lib/
 +
cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 /home/export/rootfs/lib/
 +
cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0 /home/export/rootfs/lib/
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
wpa_supplicant runs as a daemon and requires a configuration file. Create a file called /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf with the following contents:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
network={
 +
ssid="MySSID"
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key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
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proto=RSN
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pairwise=CCMP TKIP
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psk="MyPassPhrase"
 +
}
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
The above file works with both WPA (TKIP) and WPA2 (CCMP/AES). Please insert your access point name at MySSID and your pass phrase at MyPassPhase.
 +
 
 +
Once configured, wpa_supplicant can be started using:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
== hostapd ==
 +
 
 +
[http://hostap.epitest.fi/hostapd/ hostapd] is an 802.11 Access Point and IEEE 802.1X/WPA/WPA2/EAP/RADIUS Authenticator daemon.
 +
 
 +
Download, extract and build hostapd:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
wget http://hostap.epitest.fi/releases/hostapd-2.2.tar.gz
 +
tar -xzf hostapd-2.2.tar.gz
 +
cd hostapd-2.2/hostapd
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cp defconfig .config
 +
make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
 +
make install DESTDIR=/home/export/rootfs
 +
</PRE>
 +
 
 +
== rfkill ==
 +
 
 +
[http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/rfkill rfkill] is a userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill switches.
 +
 
 +
Download, extract and build rfkill:
 +
 
 +
<PRE>
 +
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/rfkill/rfkill-0.5.tar.gz
 +
tar -xzf rfkill-0.5.tar.gz
 +
cd rfkill-0.5/
 +
make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
 +
</PRE>

Latest revision as of 11:17, 7 June 2014

iw

iw is a new nl80211 (802.11 netlink interface) based CLI configuration utility for wireless devices.

Netlink Protocol Library Suite

iw requires the Netlink Protocol Library Suite (libnl)

Download, cross compile and install the Netlink Protocol libraries:

wget http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/files/libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz
tar -xzf libnl-3.2.24.tar.gz
cd libnl-3.2.24
./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi
make 
make install
cd include
make install

iw

With the Netlink Protocol Library Suite prerequisite installed, download and build the iw nl80211 based CLI configuration utility:

wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/iw/iw-3.15.tar.gz
tar -xzf iw-3.15.tar.gz
cd iw-3.15/
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/pkgconfig
export CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
make

Manually install iw and required libraries on your target root-fs:

cp iw /home/export/rootfs/sbin/
cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl-genl-3.so.200 /home/export/rootfs/lib/
cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl-3.so.200 /home/export/rootfs/lib/

And update the dynamic linker run-time bindings on your target:

ldconfig -v

wpa_supplicant

wpa_supplicant is a WPA Supplicant for linux offering support for WPA and WPA2.

Netlink Protocol Library Suite libnl-1.x

wpa_supplicant requires the Netlink Protocol Library Suite (libnl) version 1.x.

Download, build and install libnl-1.x:

wget http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/files/libnl-1.1.4.tar.gz
tar -xzf libnl-1.1.4.tar.gz
cd libnl-1.1.4
./configure --host=arm-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi
make 
make install

OpenSSL

OpenSSL is a library for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1).

Download, build and install OpenSSL:

wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
tar -xzf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz 
cd openssl-1.0.1h
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
./Configure linux-generic32 --prefix=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabi
make
make install

wpa_supplicant

With all the prerequisites installed, finally download, build and install the wpa_supplicant:

wget http://hostap.epitest.fi/releases/wpa_supplicant-2.2.tar.gz
tar -xzf wpa_supplicant-2.2.tar.gz
cd wpa_supplicant-2.2/wpa_supplicant
cp defconfig .config
make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
make install DESTDIR=/home/export/rootfs

To be able to use wpa_supplicant on your target, it requires the following libraries to be installed:

cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libnl.so.1.1.4 /home/export/rootfs/lib/
cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 /home/export/rootfs/lib/
cp /usr/arm-linux-gnueabi/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0 /home/export/rootfs/lib/

wpa_supplicant runs as a daemon and requires a configuration file. Create a file called /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf with the following contents:

network={ 
 ssid="MySSID" 
 key_mgmt=WPA-PSK 
 proto=RSN 
 pairwise=CCMP TKIP 
 psk="MyPassPhrase" 
}

The above file works with both WPA (TKIP) and WPA2 (CCMP/AES). Please insert your access point name at MySSID and your pass phrase at MyPassPhase.

Once configured, wpa_supplicant can be started using:

wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

hostapd

hostapd is an 802.11 Access Point and IEEE 802.1X/WPA/WPA2/EAP/RADIUS Authenticator daemon.

Download, extract and build hostapd:

wget http://hostap.epitest.fi/releases/hostapd-2.2.tar.gz
tar -xzf hostapd-2.2.tar.gz
cd hostapd-2.2/hostapd
cp defconfig .config
make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
make install DESTDIR=/home/export/rootfs

rfkill

rfkill is a userspace tool to query the state of the rfkill switches.

Download, extract and build rfkill:

wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/network/rfkill/rfkill-0.5.tar.gz
tar -xzf rfkill-0.5.tar.gz
cd rfkill-0.5/
make CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc